Nephrology

Genetic testing identified PAX2 gene variant

Consider metastatic or ectopic calcification in diagnosing unexplained symptoms in ESRD patients

Consider BRASH syndrome

Regular post-transplant monitoring advised for graft function and early detection of neoplasms

Ureteroscopy and histopathology should be considered as routine preoperative assessments

Surgery had beneficial role

Cardiomyopathy risks interrupting cancer treatment, worsening prognosis

Although very aggressive, regular CT follow-up can make a difference

The long delay to diagnosis and treatment caused frightening symptoms

Clues come from a kidney injury, encephalop­athy, and drug dosing error

One unexpected finding made everything else fall into place

Rare condition with potentially deadly complication

Lab tests, physical exam not helpful -- but history-taking offers a clue

Multiple possibilities to rule out